Low poly, short for low polygon, refers to a style of 3D computer graphics that uses a small number of polygons to represent objects or scenes. In 3D modeling, polygons are flat, two-dimensional shapes with straight sides that are connected to form a mesh. Each polygon has vertices (corners) and edges (connecting lines).
In low poly art, the emphasis is on simplicity and minimalism. Instead of creating highly detailed and realistic models, low poly artists intentionally reduce the number of polygons used to create objects, resulting in a geometric and stylized aesthetic.
The low poly style became popular in video games during the early days of 3D graphics when hardware limitations made it difficult to render complex and detailed models in real-time. By using fewer polygons, game developers could optimize performance while still conveying recognizable shapes and objects.
The low poly style often features flat or faceted surfaces, sharp angles, and distinct polygonal shapes. Colors are typically simple and blocky, with flat shading or minimal gradients. Shadows and textures may be simplified or omitted altogether. This minimalist approach gives low poly art a unique visual appeal and can evoke a sense of nostalgia or retro aesthetics.
Low poly models are relatively easy to create compared to high-poly models, making them accessible to both professional artists and hobbyists. They are commonly used in video games, virtual reality experiences, architectural visualizations, motion graphics, and even art installations.
With advancements in technology, modern hardware and rendering capabilities have made it possible to create highly detailed and realistic models in real-time. However, the low poly style remains popular due to its distinctive look and its ability to evoke a particular mood or style, and its simplicity can lend itself well to certain types of projects or artistic expressions.